SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
INTRODUCTION:
Synonyms of oral squamous cell carcinoma are epidermoid carcinoma or epithelioma. It is most common oral carcinoma with 60% cases arising from anterior two-thirds of tongue and remainder from the base of the tongue. It is a malignant neoplasm exhibiting squamous differentiation.
ETIOLOGY:
l. Physical trauma
2. Alcohol
3. Tobacco smoking
4. Syphilis, sepsis, chronic dental trauma
5. Chronic superficial glossitis
CLINICAL FEATURES:
1. Commonly seen in the age groups of 40 to 60 years.
2. Males are more affected than females.
3. It is a painless growth in early stages.
4. Becomes painful after ulceration.
5. Enlarged lymph nodes.
6. Excessive salivation, foetor oris, sore throat, immobility of tongue, hoarseness of voice and dysphagia.
7. Carcinoma of tongue is seen in four different varieties:
i. Ulcerative: Seen near the edge of tongue with irregular, raised and everted edges, base is indurated, floor is yellowish-grey slough.
ii. Warty growth: Broad and indurated base.
iii. Indurated plaque or mass
iv. A fissure: It is a chronic fissure which does not heal.
SPREAD OF CARCINOMA:
l. Local spread by infiltration and invasion
2. Lymphatic spread
3. Blood stream
TREATMENT:
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
PROGNOSIS:
The 5 yearssurvival rate of cancer tongue is not more than 25%.
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